Deforming gonarthrosis (arthrosis of the knee) is a disease in the hyaline knee cartilage due to inflammatory and degenerative-degenerative process. This disease covers condyle tibial and thighs.
Osteoarthritis of the knee develops slowly. The primary signs of this illness – the pain and stiffness of the movements. This type of arthrosis, such as gonarthrosis, it is more common than other types arthritis of the phalanges of the fingers, arthritis of the hip, elbow or shoulder osteoarthritis).
It is a manifestation of this disease is more frequent in people of middle age (40-45 years), mostly women. The cause of osteoarthritis in young people can be a serious trauma or heavy load (e.g., for athletes).
The causes of osteoarthritis of the knee
The cause of the arthrosis deformans of the joints may not be alone, is usually a set of circumstances and there are many factors which with time lead to the development of the disease. In medicine, the causes of osteoarthritis are divided into:
- primary;
- secondary.
Primary osteoarthritis develops in older people due to natural aging (deletion) of the cartilage tissues of the body together with accompanying complications. In a number of complications are problems such as:
- hereditary pathology;
- reinforcement of load on the joints in the course of their lives;
- obesity (in 10% of cases).
A secondary deformavit osteoarthritis refers 30% of all cases of the disease in the knee iuncturam. This form of osteoarthritis develops as a result of various trauma:
- lesion of the meniscus;
- fracture of the tibia;
- rupture of the ligaments;
- strong the wound and pain to the patella.
The symptoms of secondary osteoarthritis occurs with large delay – after 3-4 years, however, when serious injury signs of disease detected in 3-4 months.
In the risk group for the development gonartrosia are the people who after 40 years they are beginning to do sports or other physical activity. Running, situps or pushups give a work-worn age the joints. These courses can lead to a rapid development and degenerative processes in dystrophic joints.
There are cases of development of osteoarthritis on the soil of existing patient comorbidities:
- ankylosing Spondylitis;
- arthritis, psoriatic arthritis or reactive arthritis;
- gout;
- varicose veins;
- excess weight (obesity).
The reasons for the development of deforming arthrosis directly to the knee refer to:
- regular physical activity heavy;
- lifting weights;
- frequently climbs stairs;
- professional sporting activities;
The risk of getting a diagnosis, such as knee osteoarthritis, increases if the patient has found lesions of the spine, of the department of bones, a variety of neurological diseases, metabolism disorders, diabetes mellitus, and (3-5%) of the cases of genetic predisposition, because of the weakness of the device.
Often (50-60%) the development of a deforming arthrosis of the knee occurs due to muscle spasm anterior part of the thigh. The spasm does not manifest itself until the time of the onset of knee pain. Problems are moderate back pain, heaviness in the legs and fatigue.
If ileo-psoas and the rectus of the thigh are constantly in a state of paralysis, with the age of the patient will develop the "contraction" of the knees, which severely limits motor function.
The latest discovery of the scientists
Belgian orthopaedic surgeons of the city of Leuven and the recently discovered, previously unknown, and is absolutely not designed a beam of ALL, which is located in the human knee. This package has been given the name of "antero-lateral" or "anterolaterala".
The research, which lasted for 4 years, have been confirmed in rare cases, when patients after having successfully conducted a surgery due to breakage of the ligaments or injuries of the knee, pain during exercise has not disappeared, and it was observed the instability of the knee joint.
For research were involved about 40 patients, which has allowed us to discover this deck, of which the doctors are not state of the data in general. As it turned out, the main function anterolaterala ligaments are movements of rotation tibial bones.
With knee injuries the doctors do not even know the need of a correction during surgery.
Classification deforming osteoarthritis of the knee
Often the disease develops only in a knee. Considering the intensity of the development of pathological processes, physicians can distinguish 3 degrees of gonartrosia:
- The first instance of knee osteoarthritis does not involve deformavit changes, however, there are specific periodic pain after loading of the joint. Occasionally there is a slight joint swelling, disappears only.
- With osteoarthritis of the knee according to the degree of symptoms of the disease is greatly aggravated. The syndrome is manifested already after a small physical effort. Walking, lifting weights will cause long-lasting and intense feelings of pain, the patient appears to be characteristic knee crunch. Perhaps the slight deformation of the joint and a small limitation of movement.
- In the third degree deforming osteoarthritis of the knee joint is observed, the maximum disclosure of the symptoms of the disease. The patient is a broken gait, is expressed in the deformation of the joint and severe functional motion limited. The sensation of pain is amplified depending on weather conditions, the limits of the joint reaches the maximum of points. The pain is so strong that the patient is not able to find the location where it is dropped, disturbed sleep.
With the one that can confuse osteoarthritis of the knee joint?
There are several diseases that are similar to the symptoms with knee osteoarthritis:
The locking of the knee, and locking of the meniscus. This disease develops quickly. With a sudden movement occurs scrunch at the knee, accompanied by an acute attack of pain that goes through 10-15 minutes. The day after, an edema of the patella.
The different types of arthritis (rheumatoid, psoriatic arthritis, jet), rheumatism, ankylosing Spondylitis, gout. To distinguish these diseases from arthritis is possible through the analysis of the blood.
Inflammation of the tendons of the knee. This disease mostly affects women after the age of 40. The sensation of pain occur during the lifting or descent the stairs. The pain covers the inner surface of the knee, but at the same time, the functionality of the joint is not limited.
Vascular pain in the joints of the knee. Is symmetric defeat of joints, which covers both knees at the same time. It occurs mainly in the younger generations because of the rapid growth of the bones. The syndrome of the pain encountered:
- during the change of weather conditions;
- for the common cold;
- during the physical activities.
Defined as pain can be annoying (narrow).
The symptoms deformans of the knee arthrosis in the different phases
In the first phase affected the articulation of the knee for their appearance is not different from the healthy.
- Sometimes in the area of defeat you may notice a slight swelling.
- In rare cases, In iuncturam you look at the accumulation of fluid and is very swollen, taking a spherical shape.
- Develops synovitis.
- You can restrict the functionality of the joint.
- There is a feeling of heaviness.
What is the reason?
During the initial phase of the development of joint arthrosis occurs a violation of the small-bone of the blood vessels and the circulation in general, on which depends the power of hyaline cartilage.
With the further development of the disease (second stage) the symptoms improved. The pain is determined on the antero-internal of the articulation and worried, though not of large loads, to retire to rest, and back at the slightest movement.
When deformation arthrosis of the knee joint of the third degree was observed a substantial deformity in the joints of the bones. They pressed to each other, cartilage is almost destroyed, functional limitations improved. Syndrome the pain does not move away even for a minute, regardless of the voltage or the state of rest, in which is located the joint. The flexion and extension of a limb is hampered.
The articulation strongly deformed, bent pins, Or - or X - shaped, gait becomes unstable. Very often the patient has to move with the aid of crutches or a walking stick.